تأثیر روش‌های مواجهه با متن بر میزان سرگشتگی ذهنی افراد وسواس
  •   آرشیو : نسخه زمستان 1398 - جلد اول
  •   نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
  •   کد پذیرش : 11502
  •   موضوع : رفتار در علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی
  • نویسنده/گان : رومینا حبیبی، بهمن متین پور
  •   کلید واژه : روش مواجهه با متن، سرگشتگی ذهنی، وسواس.
  •   Title : The effect of text exposure methods on the level of mind wandering in obsessive compulsive disorder
  •   Abstract :
    Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences between three methods of reading exposure in subjective, memory, and interest in reading. Methods: In this study, the statistical population consisted of all pre-university obsessive-compulsory female students who were selected from 120 Arak University of Medical Sciences' Arak University of Medical Sciences by available sampling method. Madzley was taken. Based on the scoring of the Maudsley Questionnaire, ten of these individuals with a cut-off score of 11 and above were identified as students with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Data were collected using the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire, Memory Test, Mental Perplexity, and Interest. Descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis, and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used to answer the research questions. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that memory is significant in 3 methods of exposure (F = 32.8) (2.8) and it was shown that memory is greater in reading with sound. Results of the repeated measurement analysis test that showed a significant (F = 2,8) interest (17.8818/188) and a greater interest in reading with sound. Also, analysis of variance of repeated measures is observed with (F = 2.182) 6.6 between different reading methods (reading with voice, reading in silence, and hearing with voice) in variable perception with effect size (ƞ = 0.433). There is a difference that this difference is statistically significant with 99% confidence (P≤0.01) and subjective perplexity in reading with voice is less than the other three methods. Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant difference between subjective perception, memory and interest in the three methods of reading aloud and reading in silence and hearing, and reading aloud causes more subjective perception.
  •   key words :
    Text Exposure Method, Mental Perplexity, Obsession
  •   مراجع :
    [1] گنجی، مهدی (1391). آسیب‌شناسی روانی. نشر سالاوان.
    [2] زاهد، علی. قلیلو، کلثوم. ابوالقاسمی، عباس. نریمانی، محمد (1388). رابطه بین روش‌های تنظیم هیجانی و رفتارهای درون فردی میان افراد معتاد، مجله پژوهش در اعتیاد. 99-114.
    [3] Abramovitch, A., & Cooperman, A. (2015). The cognitive neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: a critical review. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 5, 24–36.
    [4] Augustine, St. (1961). Confessions, R. S. Pine-Coffin (Trans.). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
    [5] Barlow D. H, (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. Guilford press.
    [6] Barlow D. H, (2008). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: a step-by-step treatment manual (4 ed). New York: The Guilford Press.
    [7] Bertsch, S., Pesta, B. J., Wiscott, R., & McDaniel, M. A. (2007). The generation effect: A meta-analytic review.Memory & Cognition, 35,201–210.
    [8] Bryson B. (2003). A Short History of Nearly Everything. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
    [9] Cameron P., Giuntoli D. (1972). Consciousness sampling in the college classroom or Is anybody listening? Intellect 101, 63–64.
    [10] Christoff, K., Gordon, A., Smith, R., and Vancouver, B. C. (2008). “(2011). The role of spontaneous thought in human cognition. Neuroscience of decision making, 259-284.
    [11] Conway, M. A. (1996). Autobiographical memory. Memory, 2, 165-194.
    [12] Cox, J. C., Ingersoll Jr, J. E., & Ross, S. A. (2005). A theory of the term structure of interest rates. In Theory of Valuation (pp. 129-164).
    [13] Franklin M. S., Mooneyham B. W., Baird B., Schooler J. W. (2013). Thinking one thing, saying another: the behavioral correlates of mind-wandering while reading aloud. Psychon. Bull. Rev.
    [14] Franklin M. S., Smallwood J., Schooler J. W. (2011). Catching the mind in flight: using behavioral indices to detect mindless reading in real time. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 18, 992–997.
    [15] Gavrilov A. K. (1997). Techniques of reading in classical antiquity. Class.
    [16] Giambra L. M., Grodsky A. (1989). Task-unrelated images and thoughts while reading, in Imagery: Current Perspective, eds Shorr J. E., Robin P., Connella J. A., Wolpin M., editors. (New York, NY: Plenum Press;), 27–31.
    [17] Giambra, L. M. (1979). Sex differences in daydreaming and related mental activ-ity from the late teens to the early nine-ties. Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev. 10, 1–34.
    [18] Giambra, L. M., and Grodsky, A. (1989). Task-unrelated images and thoughts while reading. Imagery Curr. Perspect. 26–31.
    [19] Hale, A. D., Hawkins, R. O., Sheeley, W., Reynolds, J. R., Jenkins, S., Schmitt, A. J., & Martin, D. A. (2011). An investigation of silent versus aloud reading comprehension of elementary students using maze assessment procedures. Psychology in the Schools, 48(1), 4–13.
    [20] Kane, M. J., & McVay, J. C. (2012). What mind wandering reveals about executive-control abilities and failures. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(5), 348–354.
    [21] Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). Awandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(6006), 932.
    [22] Lindquist S. I., McLean J. P. (2011). Daydreaming and its correlates in an educational environment. Learn. Individ. Dif. 21, 158–167.
    [23] MacLeod C. M., Gopie N., Hourihan K. L., Neary K. R., Ozubko J. D. (2010). The production effect: delineation of a phenomenon. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
    [24] Manguel A. (1996). A History of Reading. New York, NY: Viking.
    [25] McVay, J. C., & Kane, M. J. (2010). Does mind wandering reflect executive function or executive failure? Comment on Smallwood and Schooler (2006) and Watkins (2008). Psychological Bulletin, 136, 188–197.
    [26] Milliery, M., Bouvard, M., Aupetit, J., & Cottraux, J. (2000). Sustained attention in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a controlled study. Psychiatry Research, 96, 199–209.
    [27] Morin, A. (2009). “Inner speech and consciousness,” in The Encyclopedia of Consciousness, ed. W. Banks (NY: Elsevier), 389–402.
    [28] Prior, S. M., Fenwick, K. D., Saunders, K. S., Ouellette, R., O’Quinn, C., & Harvey, S. (2011). Comprehension after oral and silent reading: Does grade level matter? Literacy Research and Instruction, 50, 183–194.
    [29] Rachman, S. J., & Hodgson, R. J. (1980). Obsessions and compulsions. Prentice Hall.‏
    [30] Reichle E., Reineberg A., Schooler J. (2010). Eye movements during mindless reading. Psychol. Sci. 21, 1300–1310.
    [31] Risko E. F., Anderson N., Sarwal A., Engelhardt M., Kingstone A. (2012). Everyday attention: variation in mind wandering and memory in a lecture. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 26, 234–242.
    [32] Rowell, E. H. (1976). Do elementary students read better orally or silently? The Reading Teacher, 29(4), 367–370.
    [33] Saenger P. (1997). Space Between Words: The Origin of Silent Reading. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    [34] Schooler J. W., Reichle E. D., Halpern D. V. (2004). Zoning out while reading: evidence for dissociations between experience and metaconsciousness, in Thinking and Seeing: Visual Metacognition in Adults and Children, ed Levin D. T., editor. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press;), 203–226.
    [35] Schooler J. W., Reichle E. D., Halpern D. V. (2004). Zoning out while reading: evidence for dissociations between experience and metaconsciousness, in Thinking and Seeing: Visual Metacognition in Adults and Children, ed Levin D. T., editor. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press;), 203–226
    [36] Seli, P., Risko, E. F., Purdon, C., & Smilek, D. (2017). Intrusive thoughts: linking spontaneous mind wandering and OCD symptomatology. Psychological research, 81(2), 392-398.
    [37] Smallwood J., McSpadden M., Schooler J. W. (2008). When attention matters: the curious incident of the wandering mind. Mem. Cognit. 36, 1144–1150.
    [38] Smallwood J., Nind L., O'Connor R. C. (2009). When is your head at? An exploration of the factors associated with the temporal focus of the wandering mind. Conscious. Cogn. 18, 118–125.
    [39] Smith J. M& Alloy L. B, (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical Psychology Review 29; 116.128.
    [40] Sousa, T. L. V., Carriere, J. S., & Smilek, D. (2013). The way we encounter reading material influences how frequently we mind wander. Frontiers in psychology, 4.
    [41] Verkuil, B., Brosschot, J. F., & Thayer, J. F. (2007). Capturing worry in daily life: Are trait questionnaires sufficient?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(8), 1835-1844.
  •  صفحات : 11-20
  •   دانلود فایل ( 797.78 KB )