مقایسه پرخاشگری، آشفتگی روان‌شناختی و سلامت روان در والدین کودکان اوتیسم و عادی
  •   آرشیو : نسخه بهار 1399 - جلد اول
  •   نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
  •   کد پذیرش : 11571
  •   موضوع : روانشناسی عمومی
  • نویسنده/گان : نرگس ارغا
  •   کلید واژه : پرخاشگری، آشفتگی روان‌شناختی، سلامت روانی، اوتیسم.
  •   Title : Comparison of aggression, psychological distress and mental health in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and normal
  •   Abstract :
    The aim of this study was to compare aggression, psychological distress and mental health in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and normal. This study was descriptive, causal-comparative and study population consisted of 50 parents of children with autism disorder in Ardebil Exceptional Child Care Center and parents of ordinary children of regular schools in the school year of 2019-2020. Subjects were considered as parents with children aged 7-12 years. The sampling method in this study was available as sampling. The instruments of this study were Buss and Perry (1992) Aggression Questionnaire, Derogatis, Lipman & Covi (1973) Psychological Distress Questionnaire and Goldberg & Hiller Standard Health Questionnaire (1987). The statistical method in this study was multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between aggression in parents of children with ASD and normal, the verbal dimension in parents of ASD children and the anger in parents of normal children received the highest scores. There was a significant difference in the psychological distress in parents of children with ASD and normal. Also, there was significant difference between the mental health in parents of children with ASD and normal and in both groups, anxiety received the lowest score. Therefore, presence of autism in the family leads to increased aggression and psychological distress and decreased mental health in the parents.
  •   key words :
    Aggression, Psychological Distress, Mental Health, Autism
  •   مراجع :
    [1] ایزدیار. علی، محمدپور. هادی، پناهی شهری. محمود (1392)، مقایسه اختلالات رفتاری مادران کودکان عقب مانده آموزشپ ذیر ذهنی با مادران کودکان عادی در شهرستان گناباد، زن و مطالعات خانواده، سال ششم، شماره 21 ، ص 45-27.
    [2] خاكپور. مهدی، مهرآفريد. محسن (1391)، مقايسة اختلالات رواني و تاب آوري زوجين داراي اولين فرزند عادي و استثنائي در شهر فاروج، مجلة دانشگاه علوم پزشكي خراسان شمالي، 4(4)، ص 583-571.
    [3] درويشي. خ ( 1393 )، مقايسة رضايت مندي زناشويي و سلامت روان والدين داراي كودك عقب ماندة ذهني و عادي در شهر كنگان، پايان نامة كارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد مرودشت.
    [4] ذوقی پایدار. محمدرضا، قاسمی. معصومه، بیات. احمد، صنایعی کمال، سمانه (1394). مقایسه سلامت روان مادران دارای کودکان با و بدون اختلال کم توجهی-بیش فعالی، تعلیم و تربیت استثنائی، سال پانزدهم، شماره 8، پیاپی 136.
    [5] زندی. هوشنگ، غلامعلی لواسانی. مسعود، افروز. غلامعلی، مردوخی. محمدسعید (1396)، مقايسه مادران داراي دو كودك استثنايي (چندمعلوليتي، كم توان ذهني، جسمي-حركتي، نابينا و آسيب بينايي، ناشنوا و آسيب شنوايي) با مادران كودكان عادي در مؤلفه هاي سلامت عمومي، فصلنامه کودکان استثنائی، سال هفدهم، شماره 4، ص 112-110.
    [6] سمرود کلیکمن. مارگارت، تیتر الیسون. فیلیس (1391)، عصب روانشناختی کودک، ترجمه سالار فرامرزی، شیلا خیرزاده و محمدرضا عابد، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی واحد اصفهان.
    [7] شکری، سارا، خانجانی. زهرا، هاشمی. تارا، اسماعیل‏پور. خلیل (1396)، مقایسه تنیدگی والدگری و آشفتگی روانشناختی مادران کودکان مبتلابه اختلال اوتیسم و تأخیرتحولی، فصلنامه سلامت روان کودک، 2(4)، ص 92-79.
    [8] شيخ پور. مهدی، درويش كوهي. محمد (1386)، مهارت‏هاي مواجهه با هيجانات و عواطف در كودكان، تهران: انتشارات تنديس علم.
    [9] غباری بناب. باقر، استیری، زهره (1386)، مقايسه ويژگي‏هاي شخصيتي و سبك دلبستگي در مادران كودكان با اختلال در خود ماندگي و مادران كودكان عادي، پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنائی، سال ششم، شماره 3، ص 804-787.
    [10] فرشباف. فرناز، پوررحیم. الناز (1397)، مقايسة سلامت روان، سرماية روان شناختي و صميميت زناشويي در مادران كودكان كم شنوا، ناتواني هاي هوشي و كودكان عادي، فصلنامه کودکان استثنائی، سال هجدهم، شماره 1، ص 28-14.
    [11] کراتوچویل. توماس آر، موریس. ریچارد جی (1391)، روانشناسی بالینی کودک (روش های درمانگری)، ترجمه محمدرضا نائینیان و همکاران، تهران: انتشارات رشد.
    [12] کوهستانی. معصومه، میرزمانی. سید محمود (1385)، نشانه های اختلال فشار روانی پس از سانحه (PTSD) در مادران کودکان عقب مانده ذهنی آموزش پذیر و مادران کودکان عادی، دوفصلنامه تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، سال چهارم، شماره های 2و1، ص 51-46.
    [13] کیمیایی. سید علی، محرابی. حسین، میرزایی. زهرا (1389)، مقایسه وضعیت سلامت روان پدران و مادران کودکان کم توان ذهنی آموزش پذیر شهر مشهد، مطالعات تربیتی و روانشناسی، شماره یکم، ص 278-261.
    [14] گنجی. حمزه (1392)، بهداشت روانی، تهران: انتشارات ارسباران.
    [15] معتمدی. فرزانه، غباری بناب. باقر، ابرغم. زهرا (1395)، بخشایش گری، رضایتمندی زناشویی و سلامت روان والدین کودکان کم توان ذهنی و عادی، فصلنامه کودکان استثنائی، سال شانزدهم، شماره 4، ص 38-27.
    [16] نریمانی. محمد، آقامحمدیان. حمیدرضا، رجبی. سوران (1386)، به مقایسۀ سلامت روانی مادران کودکان استثنایی با سلامت روانی مادران کودکان عادی، فصلنامه اصول بهداشت روانی، سال نهم، شماره 33و34، ص 24-15.
    [17] هشیارفرد. صدیقه، سلیمانی. ربابه، کوشا. مریم (1397)، بررسی سلامت روانی، کيفيت زندگی و شادکامی در مادران دارای فرزند مبتلا به اختلالات طيف اتيسم و مقایسه آنها با مادران دارای کودک سالم، فصلنامه کودکان استثنائی، سال هجدهم، شماره 2، ص 30-12.
    [18] Ahmadi, A and Raeisi, Z (2018), "The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance in mothers of children with autism", Journal of Child Mental Health, 5(3), PP: 69-79. [Persian]
    [19] Aman, MG. Singh, NN. Stewart, A.W and Field, CJ (1985), "Psychometric characteristics of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist", American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89(4), PP: 492-502.
    [20] Askari, M and Moridi, J (2016), "Effect of stress management training and thought control strategies on the quality of life of mothers with childbirth in Bandar Abbas", The Journal of New Advances in Behavioral Sciences,1(1), PP: 1-13. [Persian]
    [21] Barnett, J (2018), "Three evidence-based strategies that support social skills and play among young children with Autism spectrum disorders", Early ChildhoodEducation Journal, 46(6), PP: 665-672.
    [22] Barry, C.T. Loflin, D.C and Doucette, H (2015), "Adolescent self-compassion: Associations with narcissism, self esteem, aggression, and internalizing symptoms in at-risk males", Personality and Individual Differences, 77, PP: 118-123.
    [23] Bayram, NBilgel, N. (2008). "The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students", Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 43(8), PP: 667-672.
    [24] Bazarfeshan, B. Kargar Dolatabadi, A. Mohammadi, M. Sarmadi, P. Lakzaei, J and Hosseininejad, S (2018), "Quality of life of the mothers of children with autism", J Gorgan Univ Med Sci, 20(4), PP: 77-82. [Persian]
    [25] Beck, A. Daley, D. Hastings, R.P and Stevenson, J (2004), "Mothers’ expressed emotion towards children with and without intellectual disabilities", Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48(7), PP: 628-638.
    [26] Benson, P.R (2012), "Network characteristics, perceived social support, and psychological adjustment in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder", Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 42(12), PP: 2597-2610.
    [27] Davis, N. O and Carter, A.S (2008), "Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics", Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 38(7), PP: 1278-1291.
    [28] Denson, T. F. Mehta, P. H and Tan, D. H (2013), "Endogenous testosterone and cortisol jointly influence reactive aggression in women", Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(3), PP: 416-424.
    [29] Dohrenwend, B.P. Shrout, P.E. Ergi, G.E and Mendelsohn, F.S (1980), "Measures of nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology in the general population", Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, PP: 1229–1236.
    [30] Donaldson, A. Hays, T and Romani, P.W (2019), "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Effects on Child and Family Functioning", Journal of student research, Vol. 8. Issue. 1. PP: 71-76.
    [31] Ellis, W. E. Chung-Hall, J and Dumas, T. M (2013), "The role of peer group aggression in predicting adolescent dating violence and relationship quality", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(4), PP: 487-499.
    [32] Emerson, E (2003), "Mothers of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: social and economic situation, mental health status and the self assessed social and psychological impact of the child difficulties", J Intellect Disabil Res, 47(4), PP: 385-399.
    [33] Estes, A. Olson, E. Sullivan, K. Greenson, J. Winter, J. Dawson, G and Munson, J (2013), "Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders", Brain Dev, 35(2), PP: 8-133.
    [34] Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehle, E., Zhou, X H., & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism, 13(4): 375-387.
    [35] Friedrich, WN. Greenberg, MT and Crnic, K (1983), "A short form of the questionnaire on resource and stress", Ame J of mental defic, 88, PP: 41-48.
    [36] Gallagher, S and Hannigan, A (2014), "Depression and chronic health conditions in parents of children with and without developmental disabilities: The growing up in Ireland cohort study", Research in developmental disabilities, 35(2), PP: 448-454.
    [37] Gray, DE and Holden, WJ (2003), "Psycho-social well-being among the parents of children with autism. Australia and New Zealand", J Dev Disabl, 18(2), PP: 83-93.
    [38] Griffith, GM. Hastings, RP. Nash, S and Hill, C (2010), "Using matched groups to explore child behavior problems and maternal well-being in children with Down syndrome and autism", J Autism Dev Disord, 40(5), PP: 9-610.
    [39] Halroyd, J and Mac, A (1995), "Mental retardation and stress on the parents: A contrast between Downs syndrome and childhood autism", Ame J on the mental retard, 80 (4), PP: 431-436.
    [40] Helgadóttir, B. Owen, N. Dunstan, D. W. Ekblom, Ö. Hallgren, M and Forsell, Y (2017), "Changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior associated with an exercise intervention in depressed adults", Psychology of Sport And Exercise, 30, PP: 10-18.
    [41] Hobart, Hm (2008), "Coping strategies in mothers and fathers of preschool and school-age children with autism", Autism, 9(4), PP: 91-377.
    [42] Khamis, V (2006), "Psychological distress among parents of achildren with mental retardation in the United Arab Emirates", J of the Social scien & Medi, 64, PP: 850-857.
    [43] Khanna, R. Madhavan, SS. Smith, MJ. Patrick, JH. Tworek, C and Becker-Cottrill, B (2011), "Assessment of health-related quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders", Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(9), PP: 1214-27.
    [44] Kuhlthau, K. Payakachat, N. Delahaye, J. Hurson, J. Pyne, J. M. Kovacs, E and Tilford, J. M (2014), "Quality of life for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders", Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(10), PP: 1339-1350.
    [45] McCarthy, J. Underwood, LISA. Hayward, H. Chaplin, E. Forrester, A (2015), "Autism Spectrum Disorder and Mental Health Problems Among Prisoners", Euroropean Psychiatry, 30, PP: 864-869.
    [46] McCarthy, J. Underwood, L. Tsakaniko, E. Craig, T. Howlin, P and Bouras, N (2014), "Predictors of challenging behaviour among mental health service users with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders", Europian Psychiatry, 29, PP: 1-7.
    [47] Mehu, M and Scherer, K (2015), "The appraisal bias model of cognitive vulnerability to depression", Emotion Review, 7(3), PP: 272–279.
    [48] Miranda, A. Mira, A. Berenguer, C. Rosello, B and Baixauli, I (2019), "Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism without intellectual disability, Mediation of behavioral problems and coping strategies", Front Psychol, 10, PP: 464.
    [49] Mohammadi-Zade, A. Pooretemad, H and Maleck Khosravi, G (2005), "The primary examination of effect of guided imagination by music on reduction of depression, anxiety, & stress in mothers with autistic children", Journal of Research Family, 2(3), PP: 289-292. (Persian).
    [50] Moshkani, M. Mirabedini, SH and Mallah, M (2017), "The relationship between stress and coping styles with adaptive behavior of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder", Exceptional Education Journal, 2(145), PP: 21–28.
    [51] Mugno, D. Ruta, L. D’Arrigo, VG and Mazzone, L (2007), "Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder", Health Qual Life Outcomes, 5, PP: 22.
    [52] Nomi, J and Uddin, F (2015), "Face processing in autism spectrum disorders: from brain regions to brain networks", Neuropsychologia, 71(2), PP: 201-216.
    [53] Rescorla, LA. Ghassabian, A. Ivanova, MY. Jaddoe, VWV. Verhulst, FC and Tiemeier, H (2019), "Structure, longitudinal invariance, and stability of the child behavior checklist 1½–5’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders–autism spectrum disorder scale: findings from generation R (Rotterdam) ", Autism, 23(1), PP: 223-35
    [54] Saeedmanesh, M and Azizi, M (2017), "The effectiveness of intervention of treatment based on acceptance-commtment therapy on the rate of parent,s acceptance of autistic children and their denial-defense mechanism", Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 7, PP: 47. [Persian].
    [55] Sawyer, M. G. Bittman, M. La Greca, A. M. Crettenden, A. D. Harchak, T. F and Martin, J (2010), "Time demands of caring for children with autism: What are the implications for maternal mental health? ", Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(5), PP: 620-628.
    [56] Schieve, LA. Blumberg, SJ. Rice, C. Visser, SN and Boyle, C (2007), "The relationship between autism and parenting stress", Pediatrics, 119(1), PP: 114-121.
    [57] Shiralinia, K. Abdollahi Musavi, H and KHojastemehr, R (2018), "The effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based training on parenting stress and psychological flexibility in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder", Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 7(28), PP: 21–44. [Persian].
    [58] Shokri, S. Khanjani, Z. Hashemi, T and Esmaeilpuor, K (2017), "Comparison of parenting stress and psychological distress in mothers of children with autism disorder and developmental delay", Journal of Child Mental Health, 4(3), PP: 79-90. [Persian].
    [59] Smith, A. M and Grzywacz, J. G (2014), "Health and well-being in midlife parents of children with special health needs. Families, systems & health", The journal of collaborative family healthcare, 32(3), PP: 303–312.
    [60] Smith, E and Couteur, AL (2014), "Factors associated with parental stress and satisfaction during the process of diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorders", Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), PP: 293-303.
    [61] Spain, D. (2018), "Social anxiety in adults with autism spectrum disorders ", PhD Thesis, MRC social, genetic and developmental psychiatry centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology.
    [62] Tomanik, S. Harris, GE and Hawkins, J (2004), "The relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress", Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29(1), PP: 16-26.
    [63] Webb, J. R. Dula, C. S and Brewer, K (2012), "Forgiveness and aggression among college students", Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 14(1), PP: 38-58.
    [64] Webster, A. Feiler, A. Webster, V and Lovell, C (2004), "Parental perspectives on early intensive intervention for children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder", Journal of early childhood research, 2(1), PP: 25-49.
    [65] Zhang, R. Zhang, HF. Han, JS and Han, SP (2017), "Genes related to oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin pathways: associations with autism spectrum disorders", Neurosci Bull, 33, PP: 238-46.
  •  صفحات : 80-98
  •   دانلود فایل ( 858.66 KB )