شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری توانمندی‌های منش در نوجوانان تیزهوش

•   آرشیو : نسخه تابستان 1403
•   کد پذیرش : 12138
•   موضوع : روانشناسی تربیتی
• نویسنده/گان : | لیلا ترابیان، سیده سارا آقایی ثابت، سحرصوفی
•   زبان : فارسی
•   نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
•   چکیده مقاله به فارسی : پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر شکل‌‌گیری توانمندی‌های منش در نوجوانان سرآمد انجام شد. روش پژوهش کیفی و از نوع داده بنیاد بود. بدین منظور با ۱۵ نوجوان تیزهوش 12 تا 17 ساله، مشغول به تحصیل در مدارس سمپاد استان تهران، تا حد رسیدن به اشباع نظری، مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته صورت گرفت. یافته‎ها نشان داد که از میان فهرست توانمندی‌های منشی فضائلی چون خرد، عدالت، تعالی، معنویت انسانیت و اعتدال در تیزهوشان بیشتر دیده می‌شود. همچنین یافته‌ها حاکی از نقش پررنگ خانواده، همسالان، معلمان و همشیرها در شکل‌گیری توانمندی‎های منش بود. علاوه بر این نمودهای رفتاری و شناختی توانمندی‎های منشی نظیر تفکر، آرامش روانشناختی، همکاری، نوع دوستی، جرأتمندی، استقلال نیز در نوجوانان تیزهوش شرکت‎کننده مشاهده ‎شد. در کل بر اساس یافته‎ها به نظر می‎رسد، در پرورش سرآمدان آنچه بیش از هرچیز حائز اهمیت است، گذار از کمیت باوری و تأکید صرف به توانایی‌های شناختی به تمرکز بر مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی و هیجانی است.
•   لیست منابع : [1] خسروجردی، ز.، پورشهریار، ح.، و حیدری، م.(۱۳۹۸) پیش بینی توانمندی منش نوجوانان و دلبستگی به والدین و همسالان براساس تعارض با پدر و مادر، خانواده پژوهی، ۷(۵۷) ۳۴۷-۳۶۰.
  [2] جعفری، م؛ فاضلی، س م؛ حسینی، ا؛ (1397)، تأثیر آموزش مهارت‎هاي خودآگاهی و مدیریت هیجان‎ها در افزایش تاب‎آوري و شادکامی زنان سرپرست خانوار، پژوهشنامه مددکاري اجتماعی، 2(1)، 41-76).
  [3] رنجبر، ز، میرهاشمی، م، سعادتی شامیر، الف، و فخیمی فرهادی، ر.(1401). تدوین و اعتبار سنجی بسته آموزشی توانمندي منش و اثربخشی آن بر مهارت ابراز وجود نوجوانان. مجله علوم‌پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، 2(32) 184-175. DOI: [10.52547/iau.32.2.175]
  [4] صوفی، س.، شکری، الف.، فتح آبادی، ج.، قنبری، س. (۱۳۹۸). ساختار علی پیشایندها و پسایندهای سبک زندگی تحصیلی سلامت محور در دانش‌آموزان سرآمد دختر. مجله روانشناسی افراد استثنائی، ۹(۳۵)، ۷۱-۳۵.
  [5] Bigony, C., Cowley, A., Carreiro, A., & Florez, S. (2019). Character Strengths Are Superpowers: Using Positive Psychology to Help Children Realize Their Potential. Master of Applied Positive Psychology, Service Learning Projects, 25, 5-11.
  [6] Buschor, C., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2013). Self- and peer-rated character strengths: How
  do they relate to satisfaction with life and orientations to happiness? The Journal of
  Positive Psychology, 8, 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.758305.
  [7] Corral-Verdugo, V., Tapia-Fonllem, C, Ortiz-Valdez, A, (2015), On the Relationship
  Between Character Strengths and Sustainable Behavior, Environment and Behavior, 47(8) 877–901, DOI: 10.1177/0013916514530718.
  [8] Curry, O. (2007). The conflict resolution theory of virtue. In W. P. Sinnott Armstrong (Ed.), Moral Psychology 1, 251-261.
  [9] Gander, F; Hofmann, J; Proyer, R T; Ruch, W. (2020). Character Strengths
  Stability, Change, and Relationships with Well-Being Changes. Applied Research in Quality of Life,15(2):349-367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9690-4.
  [10] Gander, F., & Wagner, L., Amann, L., Ruch, W., (2022), What are character strengths good for? a daily diary study on character strengths enactment, Journal of positive psychology, 17(5), 718-728.
  [11] Gillham, J., Adams-Deutsch, Z., Werner, J., Reivich, K., Coulter Heindl, V., Linkins, M., Winder, B., ... Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Character strengths predict subjective well-being during adolescence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(1), 31–44.
  [12] Gusewell, A; Ruch, W, (2012). Are only emotional strengths emotional? Character strengths
  and disposition to positive emotions. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 4(2):218-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2012.01070.x
  [13] Harzer, C., Ruch, W., (2013), The application of signature character strengths and positive experiences at work, Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(3), 965-983. DOI:https: //doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9364-0.
  [14] Liu, Q. Wang Zh. (2021), Associations between parental emotional warmth, parental attachment, peer attachment, and adolescents’ character strengths, Children and Youth Services Review, 120, 105765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105765.
  [15] Lounsbury, J. W., Fisher, L. A., Levy, J. J., & Welsh, D. P. (2009). An investigation of character strengths in relation to the academic success of college students. Individual Differences Research, 7(1), 52-69.
  [16] Matinez martin, M.L., Ruch, w., (2017), Character strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 110-119.
  [17] McCullough, M. E., & Snyder, C. R. (2000). Classical sources of human strength: Revisiting an old home and building a new one. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 1-10.
  [18] Mortezabeigi, Z., Safari, A., Bozorgkhoo, Z., & Farid, A. A. (2022). Predicting happiness based on self-efficacy and quality of life by mediating psychological well-being. Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, 21(1).
  [19] Muller, L; Ruch, Willibald (2011). Humor and strengths of character. Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5):368-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.592508.
  [20] Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character Strengths: Research and Practice, Journal of College and Character, 10(4), .DOI: 10.2202/1940-1639.1042
  [21] Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29 (6), 891–909.
  [22] Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2003). Assessment of character strength among youth: the values in action inventory of strengths for youth. Presentation at the Child Trends Conference on Indicators of Positive Youth Development, Washington, DC.
  [23] Peterson, C; Ruch, Willibald; Beermann, Ursula; Park, N; Seligman, M E P (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(3):149-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228938
  [24] Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Oxford university press.
  [25] Proctor, C., Maltby, J. & Linley, P. A. (2011) Strengths use as a predictor of well-being and health-related quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 153-169.
  [26] Proctor, C., Tsukayama, E., M. Wood, A., Maltby, J., Fox Eadese, J., Linleyf P.A., (2011), Strengths Gym: The impact of a character strengths-based intervention on the life satisfaction and well-being of adolescents, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5), 377-388.
  [27] Ros-Morente, A., Mora C. A, Nadal C. T, Blasco-Belled, A, Jordana Berenguer, A., (2018), An examination of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Positive Affect and Character Strengths and Virtues, anales de psicología, 34(1), 63-67.
  [28] Ruch, W; Weber, M; Park, N; Peterson, C (2014). Character strengths in children and adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 57-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000169.
  [29] Schutte, N. S., & Malouf, J. M. (2022). A meta-analytic investigation of the impact of curiosity-enhancing interventions. Current Psychology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03107-wstern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas.
  [30] Scott Berman J. (2007). Character strengths, self-schemas, and psychological well-being: a multi-method approach. dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The University of Texas
  [31] Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: an introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
  [32] Shanna James J, (2015), Personality, Character Strengths, Empathy, Familiarity and the Stigmatization of Mental Illness, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts.
  [33] Shimai, S., Otake, K, park, N, Peterson, CH., Seligman, M.E.P., (2006), Convergence of character strengths in American and Japanese young adults, Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 311-322, DOI 10.1007/s10902-005-3647-7.
  [34] Shoshani, A., & Shwartz, L. (2016). From character strengths to children’s well-being:
  development and validation of the character strengths inventory for elementary
  school children. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(9), 74-88.
  [35] Zhang Y, Chen M,(2018), Character Strengths, Strengths Use, Future Self-Continuity and Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese University Students, Frontiers in Psychology, 9/ DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01040.
•   کلمات کلیدی به فارسی : نظریه داده بنیاد، توانمندی‌های منش، روانشناسی مثبت، نوجوانان سرآمد و تیزهوش.
•   چکیده مقاله به انگلیسی : The current research aimed to identify the influencing factors on the formation of character strengths in gifted teenagers. The research method was qualitative, Grounded Theory. To achieve this, an in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 gifted teenagers aged 12 to 17, studying in Sampad schools in Tehran province, until theoretical saturation was reached. The findings revealed that among the list of secretarial abilities, virtues such as wisdom, justice, excellence, spirituality, humanity, and moderation were more prominent in gifted teenagers. The findings also highlighted the significant role of family, peers, teachers and peers in shaping character strengths. Additionally, the behavioral and cognitive characteristics such as thinking, psychological calmness, cooperation, altruism, boldness, and independence were observed in the gifted teenagers. Overall, the results suggest that the most important thing in the educating gifted individuals lies in focusing on social-emotional components rather than just quantity and cognitive abilities.
•   کلمات کلیدی به انگلیسی : Grounded theory, character strength, positive psychology, gifted teenagers
•  صفحات : 10-23
•   دانلود فایل ( 792.62 KB )