الگوی ارتباط پیوسته اعتیاد به رسانه‌های اجتماعی با عملکرد اجرایی و تفکر نقادانه در دانشجویان

•   آرشیو : نسخه زمستان 1404 - جلد دوم
•   کد پذیرش : 14172
•   موضوع : روانشناسی بالینی
• نویسنده/گان : | نسیم نظری، چنگیز رحیمی
•   زبان : فارسی
•   نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
•   چکیده مقاله به فارسی : طی سال‌های اخیر، اعتیاد به رسانه‌های اجتماعی در سطح جهانی افزایش یافته و مانند سایر اشکال اعتیاد، اثرات مضری بر عملکرد شناختی افراد به‌ویژه دانشجویان داشته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی الگوی ارتباط پیوسته اعتیاد به رسانه‌های اجتماعی با عملکرد اجرایی و تفکر نقادانه در دانشجویان بود. طرح پژوهش بنیادی و همبستگی با تحلیل رگرسیون سلسله‌مراتبی بود. جامعه آماری شامل دانشجویان ۱۸ تا ۴۰ ساله دانشگاه شیراز در سال ۱۴۰۳ بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، ۳۰۷ نفر به‌صورت آنلاین انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با پرسشنامه اعتیاد به اینترنت یانگ (نسخه سایت‌های شبکه‌های اجتماعی، ۱۹۹۹)، پرسشنامه رتبه‌بندی رفتار عملکرد اجرایی نسخه بزرگسالان (راث و همکاران، ۲۰۰۵) و پرسشنامه گرایش به تفکر انتقادی (ریکتس، ۲۰۰۳) جمع‌آوری شد و با تحلیل رگرسیون سلسله‌مراتبی بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد اعتیاد به رسانه‌های اجتماعی با ضعف عملکرد اجرایی ارتباط خطی قوی و با تفکر نقادانه الگوی ارتباط غیرخطی U شکل معکوس دارد. این یافته‌ها پیچیدگی روابط اعتیاد به رسانه‌های اجتماعی با کارکردهای شناختی را نشان می‌دهد و بر ضرورت رویکردهای پیوسته در پژوهش‌های آینده تأکید دارد.
•   لیست منابع : [1] Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020). Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal de l’Association Medicale Canadienne, 192(6), E136–E141. https://doi.org/10.1503/CMAJ.190434
  [2] Aydın, O., Obuća, F., Boz, C., & Ünal-Aydın, P. (2020). Associations between executive functions and problematic social networking sites use. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 42(6), 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2020.1798358
  [3] bakhshipour, A., & Azhdari, A. (2023). The relationship of addiction to virtual social networks with executive functions: the mediating role of interpersonal difficulties. Psychological Models and Methods Vol. 1 67, 1(51), 67. https://doi.org/10.30495/JPMM.2023.30118.3605
  [4] Bakhtiary Javan, S., Farrokhi, N. A., Bakhtiary Javan, S., & Sadeghi, R. (2020). Predicting internet addiction through executive functions; emphasizing on the components of inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility among students of Allameh Tabataba’i University. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(5), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.52547/shenakht.7.5.80
  [5] Bombonato, C., Del Lucchese, B., Ruffini, C., Di Lieto, M. C., Brovedani, P., Sgandurra, G., Cioni, G., & Pecini, C. (2024). Far Transfer Effects of Trainings on Executive Functions in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis. Neuropsychology Review, 34(1), 98–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11065-022-09574-Z
  [6] Butler, H. A., Pentoney, C., & Bong, M. P. (2017). Predicting real-world outcomes: Critical thinking ability is a better predictor of life decisions than intelligence. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 25, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TSC.2017.06.005
  [7] Cheng, C., Lau, Y. ching, Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2021.106845
  [8] Cheng, L., Fang, G., Zhang, X., Lv, Y., & Liu, L. (2023). Impact of social media use on critical thinking ability of university students. Library Hi Tech, 42(2), 642–669. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-11-2021-0393
  [9] Dumitrescu, M., Dumitrescu, N., & Turliuc, S. (2023). The Social Media Addiction: What Have We Learned So Far? – A Review. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 14(1), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.18662/BRAIN/14.1/410
  [10] Gaskins, S., & Alcalá, L. (2023). Studying Executive Function in Culturally Meaningful Ways. Journal of Cognition and Development, 24(2), 260–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2022.2160722;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:HJCD20;SUBPAGE:STRING:ACCESS
  [11] Ghorbandordinejad, F., & Nourizade, F. (2015). Examination of the Relationship between Critical Thinking Disposition and English Learning Achievement as Mediated by Emotional Intelligence. The International Journal of Humanities, 22(4), 95–110. https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_17760.html
  [12] Gilbert, S. J., & Burgess, P. W. (2008). Executive function. Current Biology, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.014
  [13] Halpern, D. F., & Dunn, D. S. (2021). Critical Thinking: A Model of Intelligence for Solving Real-World Problems. Journal of Intelligence 2021, Vol. 9, Page 22, 9(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/JINTELLIGENCE9020022
  [14] Hashemi, Y., Zarani, F., Heidari, M., Borhani, K., & Shakiba, S. (2021). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Internet Addiction Test-Social Networking Sites Version: Dimensionality Assessment of Social Networking Site Addiction. Addiction & Health, 13(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.22122/AHJ.V13I2.289
  [15] Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social Networking Sites and Addiction: Ten Lessons Learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH14030311
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  [17] Lin, C., Namdar, A. P., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021). Mediated roles of generalized trust and perceived social support in the effects of problematic social media use on mental health : A cross-sectional study. April 2020, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13169
  [18] Malak, M. Z., Shuhaiber, A. H., Al-amer, R. M., Abuadas, M. H., & Aburoomi, R. J. (2022). Correlation between psychological factors, academic performance and social media addiction: model-based testing. Behaviour and Information Technology, 41(8), 1583–1595. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1891460
  [19] Menichelli, M., & Braccini, A. M. (2020). Millennials, Information Assessment, and Social Media: An Exploratory Study on the Assessment of Critical Thinking Habits. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organization, 33, 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23665-6_7
  [20] Mohammadnia, S., Bigdeli, I., Mashhadi, A., Ghanaei Chamanabad, A., & Roth, R. M. (2022). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - adult version (BRIEF-A) in Iranian University students: Factor structure and relationship to depressive symptom severity. Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, 29(4), 786–792. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2020.1810689
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  [22] Razavi, S. M. A., & Nematifar, N. (2018). Cognitive Skills Critical Thinking in Social Networking Users (Case Study Social Telegram Network). 13(140), 69–87.
  [23] Reed, P. (2023). Impact of social media use on executive function. Computers in Human Behavior, 141, 107598. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2022.107598
  [24] Ricketts, J. C. (2003). THE EFFICACY OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT, CRITICAL THINKING DISPOSITIONS, AND STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ON THE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF SELECTED YOUTH LEADERS.
  [25] Ricketts, J. C., & Rudd, R. D. (2005). Critical Thinking Skills Of Selected Youth Leaders: The Efficacy Of Critical Thinking Dispositions, Leadership, And Academic Performance. Journal of Agricultural Education, 46(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.5032/JAE.2005.01032
  [26] Roth, R. M., Isquith, P. K., & Gioia, G. A. (2022). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function®--Adult Version. PsycTESTS Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/T86244-000
  [27] Sadat Ahmadi, H., Zadehmuhammadi, F., Ma'soumbeigi, M., & Sohrabi, F. (2012). Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relationship with Demographic Characteristics among Allameh Tabataba’i University Students. Educational Psychology, 8(25), 20–30.
  [28] Satici, B., Rifat, A., & Mark, K. (2023). Exploring the Association Between Social Media Addiction and Relationship Satisfaction : Psychological Distress as a Mediator. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(4), 2037–2051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00658-0
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  [32] Sümen, A., & Evgin, D. (2021). Social Media Addiction in High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Its Relationship with Sleep Quality and Psychological Problems. Child Indicators Research, 14(6), 2265–2283. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12187-021-09838-9
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  [37] Zhang, K., Li, P., Zhao, Y., Griffiths, M. D., Wang, J., & Zhang, M. X. (2023). Effect of Social Media Addiction on Executive Functioning Among Young Adults: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Disturbance and Sleep Quality. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 1911–1920. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S414625
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  [39] Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020). Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal de l’Association Medicale Canadienne, 192(6), E136–E141. https://doi.org/10.1503/CMAJ.190434
  [40] Aydın, O., Obuća, F., Boz, C., & Ünal-Aydın, P. (2020). Associations between executive functions and problematic social networking sites use. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 42(6), 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2020.1798358
  [41] bakhshipour, A., & Azhdari, A. (2023). The relationship of addiction to virtual social networks with executive functions: the mediating role of interpersonal difficulties. Psychological Models and Methods Vol. 1 67, 1(51), 67. https://doi.org/10.30495/JPMM.2023.30118.3605
  [42] Bakhtiary Javan, S., Farrokhi, N. A., Bakhtiary Javan, S., & Sadeghi, R. (2020). Predicting internet addiction through executive functions; emphasizing on the components of inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility among students of Allameh Tabataba’i University. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(5), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.52547/shenakht.7.5.80
  [43] Bombonato, C., Del Lucchese, B., Ruffini, C., Di Lieto, M. C., Brovedani, P., Sgandurra, G., Cioni, G., & Pecini, C. (2024). Far Transfer Effects of Trainings on Executive Functions in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis. Neuropsychology Review, 34(1), 98–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11065-022-09574-Z
  [44] Butler, H. A., Pentoney, C., & Bong, M. P. (2017). Predicting real-world outcomes: Critical thinking ability is a better predictor of life decisions than intelligence. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 25, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TSC.2017.06.005
  [45] Cheng, C., Lau, Y. ching, Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2021.106845
  [46] Cheng, L., Fang, G., Zhang, X., Lv, Y., & Liu, L. (2023). Impact of social media use on critical thinking ability of university students. Library Hi Tech, 42(2), 642–669. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-11-2021-0393
  [47] Dumitrescu, M., Dumitrescu, N., & Turliuc, S. (2023). The Social Media Addiction: What Have We Learned So Far? – A Review. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 14(1), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.18662/BRAIN/14.1/410
  [48] Gaskins, S., & Alcalá, L. (2023). Studying Executive Function in Culturally Meaningful Ways. Journal of Cognition and Development, 24(2), 260–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2022.2160722;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:HJCD20;SUBPAGE:STRING:ACCESS
  [49] Ghorbandordinejad, F., & Nourizade, F. (2015). Examination of the Relationship between Critical Thinking Disposition and English Learning Achievement as Mediated by Emotional Intelligence. The International Journal of Humanities, 22(4), 95–110. https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_17760.html
  [50] Gilbert, S. J., & Burgess, P. W. (2008). Executive function. Current Biology, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.014
  [51] Halpern, D. F., & Dunn, D. S. (2021). Critical Thinking: A Model of Intelligence for Solving Real-World Problems. Journal of Intelligence 2021, Vol. 9, Page 22, 9(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/JINTELLIGENCE9020022
  [52] Hashemi, Y., Zarani, F., Heidari, M., Borhani, K., & Shakiba, S. (2021). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Internet Addiction Test-Social Networking Sites Version: Dimensionality Assessment of Social Networking Site Addiction. Addiction & Health, 13(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.22122/AHJ.V13I2.289
  [53] Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social Networking Sites and Addiction: Ten Lessons Learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH14030311
  [54] Kustijono, R., & Zuhri, F. (2018). The use of Facebook and WhatsApp application in learning process of physics to train students’ critical thinking skills. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 296(1), 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/296/1/012025
  [55] Lin, C., Namdar, A. P., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021). Mediated roles of generalized trust and perceived social support in the effects of problematic social media use on mental health : A cross-sectional study. April 2020, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13169
  [56] Malak, M. Z., Shuhaiber, A. H., Al-amer, R. M., Abuadas, M. H., & Aburoomi, R. J. (2022). Correlation between psychological factors, academic performance and social media addiction: model-based testing. Behaviour and Information Technology, 41(8), 1583–1595. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1891460
  [57] Menichelli, M., & Braccini, A. M. (2020). Millennials, Information Assessment, and Social Media: An Exploratory Study on the Assessment of Critical Thinking Habits. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organization, 33, 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23665-6_7
  [58] Mohammadnia, S., Bigdeli, I., Mashhadi, A., Ghanaei Chamanabad, A., & Roth, R. M. (2022). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - adult version (BRIEF-A) in Iranian University students: Factor structure and relationship to depressive symptom severity. Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, 29(4), 786–792. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2020.1810689
  [59] Niu, L., Behar-Horenstein, L. S., & Garvan, C. W. (2013). Do instructional interventions influence college students’ critical thinking skills? A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 9, 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EDUREV.2012.12.002
  [60] Razavi, S. M. A., & Nematifar, N. (2018). Cognitive Skills Critical Thinking in Social Networking Users (Case Study Social Telegram Network). 13(140), 69–87.
  [61] Reed, P. (2023). Impact of social media use on executive function. Computers in Human Behavior, 141, 107598. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2022.107598
  [62] Ricketts, J. C. (2003). THE EFFICACY OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT, CRITICAL THINKING DISPOSITIONS, AND STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ON THE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF SELECTED YOUTH LEADERS.
  [63] Ricketts, J. C., & Rudd, R. D. (2005). Critical Thinking Skills Of Selected Youth Leaders: The Efficacy Of Critical Thinking Dispositions, Leadership, And Academic Performance. Journal of Agricultural Education, 46(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.5032/JAE.2005.01032
  [64] Roth, R. M., Isquith, P. K., & Gioia, G. A. (2022). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function®--Adult Version. PsycTESTS Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/T86244-000
  [65] Sadat Ahmadi, H., Zadehmuhammadi, F., Ma'soumbeigi, M., & Sohrabi, F. (2012). Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relationship with Demographic Characteristics among Allameh Tabataba’i University Students. Educational Psychology, 8(25), 20–30.
  [66] Satici, B., Rifat, A., & Mark, K. (2023). Exploring the Association Between Social Media Addiction and Relationship Satisfaction : Psychological Distress as a Mediator. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(4), 2037–2051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00658-0
  [67] Seraji, F., Sharifi, M., Hedayati, J., & Sharifi, S. (2019). The Relationship between Media Literacy Rates and Students’ Critical Thinking. Higher Education Letter, 12(47), 101–125.
  [68] Sk, S., & Halder, S. (2020). Critical thinking disposition of undergraduate students in relation to emotional intelligence: Gender as a moderator. Heliyon, 6(11), e05477. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2020.E05477
  [69] Soares, L., Thorell, L. B., Barbi, M., Crisci, G., Nutley, S. B., & Burén, J. (2023). The role of executive function deficits, delay aversion and emotion dysregulation in internet gaming disorder and social media disorder: Links to psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 12(1), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2023.00007
  [70] Sümen, A., & Evgin, D. (2021). Social Media Addiction in High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Its Relationship with Sleep Quality and Psychological Problems. Child Indicators Research, 14(6), 2265–2283. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12187-021-09838-9
  [71] Thomas, D. (2020). Social media addiction, critical thinking and achievement emotions among EFL students in Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 35(1), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.21315/APJEE2020.35.1.9
  [72] Verduyn, P., Gugushvili, N., & Kross, E. (2021). The impact of social network sites on mental health: distinguishing active from passive use. World Psychiatry, 20(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.1002/WPS.20820
  [73] Wang, Q. (2013). The Autobiographical Self in Time and Culture. The Autobiographical Self in Time and Culture. https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199737833.001.0001
  [74] Wu, A. M. S., Cheung, V. I., Ku, L., & Hung, E. P. W. (2013). Psychological risk factors of addiction to social networking sites among Chinese smartphone users. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(3), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.006
  [75] Zhang, K., Li, P., Zhao, Y., Griffiths, M. D., Wang, J., & Zhang, M. X. (2023). Effect of Social Media Addiction on Executive Functioning Among Young Adults: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Disturbance and Sleep Quality. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 1911–1920. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S414625
  [76] Zhou, Z., Zhou, H., & Zhu, H. (2016). Working memory, executive function and impulsivity in Internet-addictive disorders: a comparison with pathological gambling. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 28(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/NEU.2015.54
•   کلمات کلیدی به فارسی : اعتیاد به رسانه‌های اجتماعی، تفکر نقادانه، عملکرد اجرایی، دانشجویان.
•   چکیده مقاله به انگلیسی : Social media addiction has increased globally in recent years and, similar to other forms of addiction, exerted detrimental effects on cognitive functioning, particularly among university students. The present study aimed to examine the continuous pattern of association between social media addiction and executive functioning as well as critical thinking among university students. The study employed a basic correlational design using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The statistical population consisted of students aged 18-40 years at Shiraz University in 2024, from whom 307 participants were selected via convenience sampling online. Data were collected using Young's Internet Addiction Test-Social Networking Sites version (Young, 1999), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (Roth et al., 2005), and Critical Thinking Disposition Questionnaire (Ricketts, 2003), and analyzed through hierarchical multiple regression. Results revealed that social media addiction exhibited a strong linear association with impaired executive functioning and a nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship with critical thinking. These findings highlighted the complexity of these cognitive relationships and emphasized the need for continuous, non-categorical approaches in future research.
•   کلمات کلیدی به انگلیسی : Social media addiction, critical thinking, executive functioning, university students
•  صفحات : 78-91
•   دانلود فایل ( 467.14 KB )